Guides, studies and webinars

Sustainability

Study: Costs and Benefits of Green Logistics

In this study, 4flow examined the opportunities presented by various methods for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

SC-network

Study: How oil prices impact distribution networks for manufacturing and trade – German only

In this study, supply chain experts from 4flow examined the connection between oil prices and transportation costs and to what extent oil prices influence the structure of distribution networks.

Retail

Study: Logistics in retail and wholesale – Structures, success factors, and trends

Commerce is the link between production and consumer. As one of the largest branches of economic activity, it generated revenues of approximately €1.5 trillion in 2013 and employed 3.62 million people in Germany alone.

FMCG

Study: Profitability, sustainability and beyond: How can grocery retailers react to growing online sales channels?

Download this 4flow study to learn from quantitative and model-based research how businesses can make the most of digital grocery.

Air freight

Study: Rethinking air freight – sustainability and cost efficiency with optimized transportation networks

High-tech and life sciences businesses often depend on air freight to transport high-value goods across global production and distribution networks. Discover strategies to make these air freight networks more sustainable and optimize emissions, costs and resilience in our exclusive study.

Air and sea freight

Study: Shipping, fast and slow – Balancing airfreight and sea freight in volatile manufacturing supply chains

In the study, supply chain researchers from 4flow investigate optimization strategies for balancing air and sea transportation in variable-volume supply chains in the manufacturing industry.

E-commerce

Study: Sustainable packaging in e-commerce

Take a deep dive into a critical yet under-examined aspect of online retail: shipping packaging. A collaboration between the BVL (Bundesvereinigung Logistik) e-commerce focus group and 4flow, this study offers actionable insights to transform your e-commerce operation.

Warehouse

Study: Sustainable warehousing: Practical measures for emission and cost reduction

From material handling processes to infrastructural measures or energy sources – we explore sustainability levers with great potential for a greener warehouse.

Trends

Study: Trend monitor 2026

What are the key trends for supply chains in 2026? From geopolitical instability to agentic AI, visibility platforms to vertical integration, discover 15 essential trends for supply chain this year.

Intralogistics

Study: Wearables, Sensors & Co. – Making digital intralogistics a reality

In this study, 4flow conducted in-depth interviews with supply chain experts in the automotive manufacturing, automotive supply, and retail industries.